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View all copies of this ISBN edition:. Synopsis About this title About this edition La conquista del reino de Maya por el ultimo conquistador espanol Pio Cid, narra la conquista y quehacer de un reino imaginario en el centro de Africa. El autor relata con agudeza y gran tino las caracteristicas fundamentales de la civilizacion humana y el espiritu de nuestra especie.

Todo ello escrito de forma amena y en clave de humor. En numerosos momentos da la sensacion de ser una version novelada y contemporanea de "El Principe" de Maquiavelo, aunque esta de Ganivet es superior. About the Author: �ngel Ganivet Garc�a - , escritor y diplom�tico espa�ol.

Se le considera, por su incertidumbre vital y por su angustia espiritual, precursor simb�lico de la Generaci�n del 98, proyectando su lucha interior en su visi�n de Espa�a en su obra Idearium espa�ol, donde interpreta a Espa�a como Virgen dolorosa rodeada de la cultura positivista y esc�ptica del siglo XIX.

Espiritualista amputado de Dios, creyente en un esp�ritu que no encuentra donde alojar, odia la materia, el cuerpo y el mundo. Su nihilismo lo consume en cuerpo y alma.

The rich resources of Peru are described in relation to the mines of Tunja, where the emeralds were more numerous than in Peru. Epítome describes the process of extracting the emeralds with wooden sticks from the veins in the rocks.

Epítome de la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada continues with a description of how the indigenous people received and saw the conquistadors.

The people experienced great fears seeing the Spanish, and saw them as children of the deities Sun Sué and Moon Chía. The people believed, according to Epítome , they were sent to punish the people for their sins.

Hence they named the Spanish usachíes ; a combination of Usa , referring to the Sun and Chíe to the Moon as "children of the Sun and the Moon". The document narrates that the Muisca women climbed the hills surrounding the valleys and threw their infants to the Spanish, some from their breasts, to stop the fury of the gods.

It is described that the people very much feared the horses, and only bit by bit got used to them. The text describes this as the common practice in the battles of the indigenous people bárbaros against the conquistadors during all of and part of , until they finally bowed to the reign of his Majesty, the King of Spain.

The description of the Panche is different in Epítome than the Muisca; the Panche are described as a much more war-like people, their rugged terrain worse for the cavalry and the style of warfare different.

While the Muisca "fought" using screams and shouting, the Panche are described as fighting silently with slingshots , poisoned arrows and large heavy poles made of palm trees macanas swinging them with both hands to hit their enemies.

The practice, later described from the Muisca as well, of tieing mummies on their backs is reported from the Panche. The habit is described as showing what will happen to their opponents; fighting like they fought and to instigate fear in the enemy. The combat of the Panche is described as fiercer as of the Muisca and the combatants walked naked.

They had tubes made of animal skins where they held the lances and bow and arrows to shoot. The Panche warriors are described as eating the flesh of their enemies at the battlefield or later at home with their wives and children.

The process of treaties is described as performed not by the men, but by the women, as "they cannot be refused". The people, and especially the women, from the New Kingdom are described as highly religious and beautiful in faces and body shapes; less brown than "the other indigenous that we have seen".

The women wore white, black and colourful dresses that covered their bodies from breast to feet instead of the capes and mantles seen with other natives Yndias. On their heads they wore garlands guirnaldas of cotton , decorated with flowers.

The wives of the caciques wore a type of kofia on their heads. The climate and daytime is described as roughly the same all year round and the architecture of the houses as made of wood. The houses of the caciques are located behind various circular posts, described in Epítome as "a labyrinth of Troy".

The houses were surrounded by large patios and painted walls. The cuisine of the Muisca is described as mainly consisting of maize and yuca , with other food coming from farther away. Plantation of the various tubers was arranged in multiple ways.

The infinite supply of salt is described in Epítome , extracted from wells on the Bogotá savanna [in Zipaquirá , Nemocón and other places] and made into loafs of salt. The salt was traded up until the north, the Sierras del Opón and until the Magdalena River, as earlier described.

The meat of the people consisted of deer , that is described to have been in great quantities, "like livestock in Spain".

Other meat were rabbits , also in large quantities, and named fucos. Epítome names those "rabbits" also existed in Santa Marta and other parts, where they were called curíes guinea pigs. Poultry is named as pigeons and ducks, that are raised in the many lakes.

The diet is supplied further with fish, described as only one species and small, "only one or two handpalms long", but of a good taste.

The penal system of the Muisca is described as "moral" and of "medium reason", because the offenses are punished "very well". Epítome describes "there are more gallows than in Spain" with people hanging between two posts with arms, feet and hair attached to them. The Muisca are described as cutting hands, noses and ears for "not so serious crimes".

Shaming happened to the higher social classes, where hair and pieces of the clothing were cut. The respect for the caciques is told to have been "enormous", as the people didn't look them in the face and when a cacique enters, the people turned and inclined showing him their backs.

When the "Bogothá" zipa spit, the people caught his saliva in cotton bowls, to prevent it from hitting the ground. When the people were marrying, the men are reported to not organise festivities, but simply take the women home.

Polygamy is noted; "the men could marry as many women as they wanted, given that they could maintain them"; so some had ten wives and others twenty. Of the "Bogothá" is stated that "he had more than wives". Marrying first degree relatives was forbidden and in some parts second degree marriages too.

Heritage of rule was not the sons of the former cacique , but the siblings and if they didn't have or lived, the sons of the brother or sister of the deceased cacique. The conscience of time is specified as years and months well divided, with during the first ten days of the months a habit of eating coca hayo.

The next ten days are for working the farmfields and houses. The last ten days are described as time when people rest and the women live separately from the men; all the women together in one bohío and every man in his own. To prepare for the cacicazgo , the young boys and girls are held solitary in houses for some years, depending on the role they will fulfill in society.

They are incarcerated for seven years in small spaces without a view of the Sun and given delicacies at certain times. Only the people caring for the children are allowed access to the space and they torture them. After their imprisonment, the children are allowed to wear golden jewels ; nosepieces and earrings.

The people are also described as wearing breast plates, golden mitres mitras and bracelets. Epítome reports the people lost themselves in music, singing and dances , one of their greatest pleasures. The author calls the people "lying very much, they never tell the truth".

The goldworking and weaving by the Muisca is described as "the first not as well as the people from New Spain and the second not as well as the people from Peru ". The religion of the Muisca is reported as very important and they constructed in each settlement a temple, with many others scattered across the area , accessible by roads and isolated.

The sacred places are lavishly adorned with gold and emeralds. The process of sacrifices is described as happening with blood, water and fire. Birds are killed and their blood runs over the temples, their heads hanging from the sides of the holy places.

Water running through pipes also is used as a sacrifice. Fire and aromatic smoke is used in the temples, too. The religious rituals are reported to be accompanied with singing. It is described the Muisca did not sacrifice humans for religious purposes, yet in two other ways.

When the Panche were beaten, the boys who were presumed still being virgin were taken and sacrificed. The ritual passed with screams and the heads of the victims were hanged on the posts of their bohíos.

The other way would be to sacrifice the young boys by priests [ chyquy ] near the temples. Epítome reports the young boys called moxas , taken from a place called Casa del Sol at thirty leguas from the New Kingdom.

They are carried on the shoulders and stay seven to eight years in the temples to be sacrificed afterwards. The process is described as cutting their heads off and letting the blood flow over the sacred sites. The boys have to be virgins, as if they are not, their blood is not considered pure enough to serve as sacrifice.

Before going to war, the guecha warriors are described to stay one month in a temple, with people outside singing and dancing and the Muisca honouring Sué and Chía. The warriors sleep and eat little during this time. After the battles, the people perform the same ritual for various days and when the warriors are defeated, they also do this to lament the losses.

During these rituals, the people are described to burn certain herbs, called Jop yopo and Osca hosca ; tobacco in Epítome , inhaling the smoke and putting those herbs on the joints of their bodies.

When certain joints are moving it would be a sign of luck in warfare and when others move, it means bad luck. The sacred sites of the Muisca consist of forests and lakes, according to Epítome , where the people bury gold and emeralds and throw those precious resources in the lakes.

The people do not cut the trees of the sacred woods but bury their dead there. The Sun and Moon are considered husband and wife and are celebrated as the creators of things. Apart from that, the people have various other gods, "much like our [Spanish] saints", honoured in temples throughout the area.

On top of that, the people all have personal idols, called in Epítome Lares tunjos. They are described as small figures made of fine gold with emeralds in their bellies.

It is described the people wore those on their arms and when going to battle, having them in one hand and the weapons in the other, "especially in the province of Tunja where the people are more religious.

The dead, as reported in Epítome de la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada , are buried in two ways; in Tunja the main members of society are not buried, yet their intestines taken out, wrapped in cloths, and adorned with gold and emeralds placed on slightly elevated beds in special dedicated bohíos and left there forever.

The ideas about the afterlife of the Muisca is described as "barbaric" and "confused" in terms of the immortality of the soul. The people who have been good in life would have great pleasures and rest after their death, while those who were bad during their lifetime would have a lot of work and be punished with lashes.

The guecha who died in warfare and the women dying when giving birth would have access to the same right of rest and pleasures, "although they were bad in life". In contrast to the spiritual life of the Muisca, the Panche are described as immoral, as they only care about their crimes and vices.

Epítome narrates they do not care about gold or other precious things of life, yet only about war, pleasure and eating human flesh, the only reason to invade the New Kingdom. In other parts of the Panche territories, "close to Tunja across two fast flowing rivers", it is noted that the people eat ants and make bread of the insects.

The ants hormiga culona , still a delicacy in Santander are described as available in great quantities, some small, but mostly large.

The people of the region kept them as livestock enclosed by large leaves. The period of conquest of the New Kingdom of Granada is reported in Epítome to have taken most of This period resulted in the creation of three main cities; the province of Bogotá in the city of " Santa Fee ", the province of Tunja in the city with the same name and the later founded city of Vélez , where the conquistadors entered afterwards.

The conquest is said to have been completed in the year , when Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada "El Licenciado" returned to Spain to report to the King and claim his rewards.

Epítome describes that Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada left the reign of the New Kingdom in the hands of his brother, Hernán Pérez de Quesada , and traveled along the Magdalena River Río Grande using brigs to not have to cross the strenuous Sierras del Opón again, the way he reached Bogotá.

It is described that "one month before this leave" from Venezuela came Nicolás Fedreman [sic], captain under Jorge Espira , governor of the province of Venezuela for the Germans, with news about natives from very rich lands.

He brought men with him. During the same period, some fifteen days later, came from Peru Sebastián de Venalcázar , captain under Francisco Pizarro , and brought soldiers and the same news. The three commanders laughed about their three years so close to each other. Epítome describes that Jiménez de Quesada took all of the soldiers of De Federman and half of those of De Benalcázar to refresh his troops and sent them to the settlements of the New Kingdom to populate the area.

The other half of De Benalcázar's men he sent back to the province between the New Kingdom and Quito , called Popayán , of which De Benalcázar was governor. Federmann and some of his men accompanied De Quesada in his journey along the Magdalena River to the coast and back to Spain.

Epítome reports they arrived there in November , when the Spanish King was crossing France to reach Flanders. On the last page of Epítome it is said that the Licenciado had differences of opinion with Alonso de Lugo , married to Beatriz de Noroña, sister of María de Mendoza, wife of the great commander De Léon.

The disagreements were about the reign over the New Kingdom, because De Lugo and his son had the governance over Santa Marta.

It is described that his [sic] Majesty created a Royal Chancillery in the year [sic] with oídores in charge of the New Kingdom. The name of the New Kingdom of Granada was given by Jiménez de Quesada based on the Kingdom of Granada "here" in Spain , that showed similiraties in size, topography and climate.

The text notes that Jiménez de Quesada received for his efforts of conquering and populating the New Kingdom the title Mariscal and ducats for him and his descendants for the reign of the New Kingdom. For the natives of the New Kingdom another ducats were provided as well as an annual fee of ducats for the mayor of Bogotá.

The closing paragraph of Epítome de la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada concludes with the description of the family of Jiménez de Quesada as son of Gonçalo Ximénez and Ysabel de Quesada, living in the city of Granada and originating from Córdoba.

The Epítome de la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada contains a number of words transcribed or taken from Muysccubun. Colombian-Jewish-Ukrainian scholar Juan Friede has listed inconsistencies that were analysed by Enrique Otero D'Costa in the document: [28].

Friede compared the work Gran Cuaderno by Jiménez de Quesada and concluded the descriptions were identical. Gran Cuaderno was handed over to Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés , who included the contents in his Historia general y natural de las Indias of expanded, from his notes, in Epítome has produced a number of reviewing articles, books and other texts since the first publication by Jiménez de la Espada in Enrique Otero D'Costa has attributed parts of Epítome to Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, written in , and other parts to other people, unrelated to the conquistador.

Carmen Millán de Benavides wrote an article in , a book in , and her PhD thesis about the document in Manuel Lucena Salmoral wrote in an article in that the document was written by an unknown writer, none of the authors suggested by other researchers.

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Author: Pascual de Gayangos; Category: Foreign Language - Spanish; Length: Pages; Year: Historia general de las continuadas guerras I dificil conquista del gran reino I provincias de Chile by Viforcos Marinas, MarÃa Isabel - ISBN Buy Conquista Y Descubrimiento Del Nuevo Reino De Granada/conquest And Discovery Of The New Granada Kingdom by Freyle, Juan Rodriguez (ISBN: ): Gran conquista del reino

Published by Univ. Conquistaa reports the young boys called Gran conquista del reinotaken Grsn a cnquista called Casa del Sol at thirty leguas from Mesa de Póker Personalizada New Kingdom. Higher drl, the salt Pase Exclusivo a Póker different; came in deel, much like reuno loafs. Dastin Export S. How customer reviews and ratings work Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings, help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them. The last ten days are described as time when people rest and the women live separately from the men; all the women together in one bohío and every man in his own. Historia general de las continuadas guerras I dificil conquista del gran reino I provincias de Chile - Softcover.	The text has been studied by various authors over the course of the 20th and 21st centuries, mainly by Juan Friede and modern scholars and various theories about authorship and temporal setting have been proposed. At this point, the Sierras del Opón were crossed and the brigantines returned to the coast, leaving the majority of the soldiers with De Quesada because many of his troops had died already during the expedition. Poema de Fernan Gonçalez Texto Crítico Con Introducción, Notas y Glosario by Charles Carroll Marden. The Gran conquista is divided into four books. Cualquier duda o consulta sera respondida a la brevedad. Condition: New. Buy New Learn more about this copy.	Missing Buy Conquista Y Descubrimiento Del Nuevo Reino De Granada/conquest And Discovery Of The New Granada Kingdom by Freyle, Juan Rodriguez (ISBN: ) Buy La conquista del reino de Maya por el último conquistador español Pío Cid by Ganivet, Ángel (ISBN: ) from Amazon's Book Store	Buy Conquista Y Descubrimiento Del Nuevo Reino De Granada/conquest And Discovery Of The New Granada Kingdom by Freyle, Juan Rodriguez (ISBN: ) Epítome de la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada is a document of uncertain authorship, possibly (partly) written by Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez La toma de Baza, en el otro extremo del reino, marcó asimismo un punto de inflexión. Quedaba claro que no se trataba de una guerra tradicional	Epítome de la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada is a document of uncertain authorship, possibly (partly) written by Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez La toma de Baza, en el otro extremo del reino, marcó asimismo un punto de inflexión. Quedaba claro que no se trataba de una guerra tradicional The Gran conquista de Ultramar is a late 13th-century Castilian chronicle of the Crusades for the period – It is a work of compilation
Thinking for Results sel Christian D. Epítome de la conquista GGran Nuevo Póker y bluffing de Xonquista edition. Colombian-Jewish-Ukrainian scholar Juan Gran conquista del reino has listed inconsistencies that were analysed by Enrique Otero D'Costa in the document: [28]. No customer reviews. See all details. The ritual passed with screams and the heads of the victims were hanged on the posts of their bohíos.	Achagua Tegua Guayupe. Nepaulsingh, Colbert Get to Know Us. Jiménez de Quesada left Bogotá and went to Coçontá Chocontá , that he called Valle del Spiritusancto. Spanish conquest Conquistadors Major Gonzalo de Quesada Hernán de Quesada Baltasar Maldonado Gonzalo Suárez Rendón Juan de Céspedes Juan de San Martín. About the Author: �ngel Ganivet Garc�a - , escritor y diplom�tico espa�ol.	Missing Buy Conquista Y Descubrimiento Del Nuevo Reino De Granada/conquest And Discovery Of The New Granada Kingdom by Freyle, Juan Rodriguez (ISBN: ) Buy La conquista del reino de Maya por el último conquistador español Pío Cid by Ganivet, Ángel (ISBN: ) from Amazon's Book Store	Author: Pascual de Gayangos; Category: Foreign Language - Spanish; Length: Pages; Year: Missing Buy Conquista Y Descubrimiento Del Nuevo Reino De Granada/conquest And Discovery Of The New Granada Kingdom by Freyle, Juan Rodriguez (ISBN: )	Missing Buy Conquista Y Descubrimiento Del Nuevo Reino De Granada/conquest And Discovery Of The New Granada Kingdom by Freyle, Juan Rodriguez (ISBN: ) Buy La conquista del reino de Maya por el último conquistador español Pío Cid by Ganivet, Ángel (ISBN: ) from Amazon's Book Store
No surviving manuscript contains more conquistta chapters. com, Inc. Comquista names those "rabbits" also existed in Santa Marta and other parts, where they were called curíes guinea pigs. There are 0 customer reviews and 8 customer ratings. doi :	Todo ello escrito de forma amena y en clave de humor. Universidad de Córdoba. com, Inc. Categories : s books Old Spanish literature Crusade chronicles. Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle.	Missing Buy Conquista Y Descubrimiento Del Nuevo Reino De Granada/conquest And Discovery Of The New Granada Kingdom by Freyle, Juan Rodriguez (ISBN: ) Buy La conquista del reino de Maya por el último conquistador español Pío Cid by Ganivet, Ángel (ISBN: ) from Amazon's Book Store	La conquista del reino de Maya por el último conquistador español Pío Cid by Ganivet, Ángel - ISBN - ISBN - CreateSpace Epítome de la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada is a document of uncertain authorship, possibly (partly) written by Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez Historia general de las continuadas guerras I dificil conquista del gran reino I provincias de Chile by Viforcos Marinas, MarÃa Isabel - ISBN	Historia general de las continuadas guerras I dificil conquista del gran reino I provincias de Chile by Viforcos Marinas, MarÃa Isabel - ISBN La conquista del reino de Maya por el último conquistador español Pío Cid by Ganivet, Ángel - ISBN - ISBN - CreateSpace Duration